Risk factors for ischemic stroke include hypertension, diabetes, high cholesterol, smoking, obesity, sedentary lifestyle, excessive alcohol consumption, atrial fibrillation, carotid artery disease, family history of stroke, age (especially over 55), race (African-Americans are at higher risk), and previous history of transient ischemic attacks (TIAs). Additionally, conditions such as sleep apnea, illicit drug use (especially cocaine and amphetamines), and certain medical treatments like hormone replacement therapy or oral contraceptives may also increase the risk of ischemic stroke.
